In plain words
Barry called the diminished chord ‘a pivotal thing’. Play it straight up, then play it again with the first note where it was and the other three notes an octave down, so the line turns back instead of climbing on. He then did the same with every chord of a scale, and with the chord on the seventh of F7 inside a blues phrase.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 112:0212:4014:2615:4716:2218:22
The point is range. A horn has only about two and a half octaves against the piano’s many, and Barry knew horn players grumbled about it; a horn, he said, can still play a phrase as long as his, or longer, and he went straight on to teach pivoting. A line never has to run out: when you think it is about to, you pivot and keep going.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 113:5215:1315:47Confirmation7:57
Pivoting also has its moment. On Confirmation a tenor player’s phrase stayed low and then leapt to a high E♭, which Barry disliked. He had him play the E♭ triad in the low register and move up an octave when the next part, from E♭ to D, came in, so the phrase kept to one range and sounded joined up.
Step by step
Play a chord or diminished straight up. Then pivot it: the first note stays where it is and the other three notes come an octave lower, so the first note is now the top of the shape.
Chord on the seventh of F7, pivoted: E♭ stays, then G, B♭, D an octave lower- E♭
- G
- B♭
- D
Practising the blues with the horns, part 112:0215:4716:22jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Official Barry Harris Thread (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶150
Do it for every chord on the scale, then in phrases: a pivot can drop the line an octave or lift its next part an octave, whichever keeps it in range.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 114:26Confirmation8:31Vera Marijt (research coach Jarmo Hoogendijk), Barry Harris: Exploring the Diminished (MA research paper) ¶196
Choose where to pivot so the phrase stays connected; avoid drifting low and then leaping up late.
How he said to practise it
Play the C major scale up and down, tonic to seventh. Then take every chord on the scale, play it straight up, and play it again pivoted.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 114:26
Work pivots into phrases. In a B♭ blues Barry had the horns run up the B♭ major scale and down to the third of G, go up the diminished, come down the scale to E♭, the seventh of F7, and pivot there.
Take it seriously: Barry told the class pivoting is something you really should practise, not a joke.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 115:13
In Barry’s words
Each one plays from the moment he says it. Every other moment he teaches it is listed below.
Some horn players might complain because they only have two and a half octaves. And the piano’s got, I don’t know how many... Okay, to learn pivoting, this is what you have to do.
Believe me what I tell you, that [pivoting] is something you really should practice. Don’t think that’s no joke, because that can keep you playing when you think it’s going to run out. It never runs out if you know when to do it.
A horn is just as many octaves... as a piano is. All you have to do is just pivot.
There’s a time to pivot... If you play it down low and then all of a sudden you jump up high, it... sounds sort of funny. We don’t want you to solo like that, so you learn to pivot.
Where this comes from
Everything above is drawn from these. Open any one to check it.
Every moment he teaches it9 moments in 2 recordings
Each time opens the transcript there; the video plays when you are online.
Practising the blues with the horns, part 1
- 12:02
The diminished as ‘a pivotal thing’: first note in place, the other three notes down an octave.
- 13:52
Horns have two and a half octaves, but pivoting lets them play phrases as long as a pianist’s.
- 14:26
Drill: C major up and down, then every chord on the scale straight up, then pivoted.
- 15:47
Pivoting keeps a line from running out; sets up the chord on the seventh of F7.
- 18:22
A B♭ blues phrase that comes down to the seventh of F7 and pivots.
Confirmation
- 7:57
Explains what a pivot means: a horn has as many octaves as a piano if it pivots.
- 8:31
Play the E♭ triad low, then take the next part up an octave to stay in range.
- 9:04
‘There’s a time to pivot’: has the player repeat until the phrase sounds connected.
- 0:03
E♭ triad up, then on to D; asks the player to do the pivot (the request is in the old captions only).
From the lessons1 lesson, 3 points
Notes taken from Barry’s classes, each tied to the moment it comes from.
Pivoting: lines that never run out
- Exercise
A diminished chord works as a pivot: play it up, then hit its first note and bring the other three notes down, so the line turns around instead of running out of range. To practise, play the C major scale up and down (tonic to seventh), then take each chord built on the scale, play it straight up, and pivot. Try it also on the chord on the seventh of F7 (the F7 scale has E flat and B flat in it).
- Idea
Practise pivoting seriously, Barry says: it keeps you playing when you think the line is going to run out. Horn players complain they only have about two and a half octaves while the piano has many more, but if you pivot you can make a phrase as long as you like.
- Exercise
Pivoting also keeps you in the right range. In a class on Confirmation, Barry disliked a phrase that sat low and then suddenly jumped to a high E flat: unless you pivot, that sounds disconnected. Play the E flat triad low, and when the E flat to D arrives, take it up an octave. There is a right moment to pivot, and finding it makes your line sound connected instead of jumpy.
In writing6 notes
What his interviews, his students’ class notes and other teachers’ articles add.
Howard Rees defines pivoting as staying within a set range on your instrument by jumping up or down an interval, and his improvisation course gives it a lesson on not running out of room.
Jazz School Online (Howard Rees), Glossary of Terms ¶12Howard Rees / Jazz School Online, Improvisation Lessons for All Instruments (21-lesson list) ¶13
In Vera Marijt’s notes on Barry’s basics, a pivot breaks a pattern: the next note of the sequence is played an octave up or down.
A player’s outline of the workshop video’s ‘ABCs’ puts pivoting straight after the three important arpeggios, as the step that adds leaps to lines and lets a short-range instrument play the same long phrases as a piano.
jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Official Barry Harris Thread (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶42jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Official Barry Harris Thread (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶43
Christian Miller suggests pivoting arpeggios at different points, after the first note, the second, and so on. One of his favourite shapes is an Fmaj7 with A, C and E dropped an octave so that F is the highest note.
jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Barry Harris & Wes Montgomery (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶125jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Barry Harris & Wes Montgomery (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶126jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Official Barry Harris Thread (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶150jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Official Barry Harris Thread (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶151
Players stress that pivots work on scale runs as well as on arpeggios: displace one or more notes of a run or a four-note chord by an octave.
jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Official Barry Harris Thread (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶2045jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Quick start guide to Barry Harris line building ¶70
Harry Likas, who studied with Barry in the 1990s, warms up by alternating a pivot and a three-note enclosure all the way down the C bebop scale from the top of the piano, chord tones on the beat. He calls them Barry’s two favourite embellishments.
jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Harry Likas: Warm Up Exercise ¶4jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Harry Likas: Warm Up Exercise ¶9jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Harry Likas: Warm Up Exercise ¶10
How other teachers explain it8 videos, 22 series episodes
Barry’s students, and their students, teaching it their way. A second opinion, not Barry.
- Jazz GUITAR Reflections on BARRY HARRIS
At about 32 minutes the pivot is shown on guitar: first note in place, the other three an octave lower, from every degree.
1.7 h, transcript On YouTube
- TILF Barry Harris EP 42 Using Pivot to create lines on I Got Rhythm
Episode 42: using pivots to make lines on I Got Rhythm.
14 min, transcript On YouTube
- Pivots are Pretty (Minor sixth diminished) EP 105 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 105: pivots on the minor sixth diminished scale.
12 min, transcript On YouTube
- Pivots with a Twist EP 110 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 110: pivots with a twist.
11 min, transcript On YouTube
- Pivots, Pivots and More Pivots EP 161 TILF Barry Harris
Episode 161: pivots, pivots and more pivots.
13 min, transcript On YouTube
- Jazz Mandolin Instruction Barry Harris Lesson Pivoting Pete Martin
Mandolin lesson 7: pivoting.
10 min On YouTube
- Barry Harris Method: Pivoting ()
Pivoting (lesson 11 of his series).
4 min On YouTube
- “Pivoting”: Octave displacement according to Barry Harris
Pivoting as octave displacement.
6 min On YouTube
In the teaching series
Episodes on this idea in the long series by other teachers. Each name opens that whole series in order.
The Labyrinth of Limitations
- Episode 17: pivoting through the looking glass YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 50: lessons from Things I Learned from Barry Harris YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 59: connecting single-note lines to scales of chords YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 61: long lines over Stella by Starlight YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 73: Fly Me to the Moon with scales of chords YouTube
Things I’ve Learned From Barry Harris
- Episode 22: soloing on dominants YouTube
- Episode 48: blues with Barry’s chromatic scale and pivots YouTube
- Episode 63: creating major lines from scales (G major) YouTube
- Episode 97: we don’t know D7 YouTube
- Episode 126: master-level phrasing from a 1979 recording with Barry YouTube
- Episode 132: new ways to look at the pivot YouTube
- Episode 143: don’t play chord tones on the beat YouTube
Read further5 links
These open on the web.
Free to read
- Tyler Cooney (Jazz Music Institute), ‘What is a pivot in jazz improvisation?’
other teacher — Free short article by Tyler Cooney on what a pivot is in a jazz line.
- YouTube
— Chris Parks’s free videos, several of them devoted to pivots on different scales.
- Jazz School Online
— Howard Rees’s lesson on pivoting so you never run out of room (paywalled).
Books and paid courses
- jazzguitar.be ‘Harry Likas warm-up: Barry Harris pivot and three-note enclosure’
player — Harry Likas’s daily warm-up alternating pivots and enclosures down the C bebop scale, with discussion.
- jazzguitar.be Official Barry Harris thread, post #21 (joe2758, 14 Oct 2016): attendee-style outline of the ‘ABCs’ on Rees DVD 1 (important minor ignored for soloing; scale up and down tonic-to-7th; thirds, thirds with half step below, triads, triads with pickup, 4-note chords, chords with pickup; 3 important arpeggios in all inversions; pivoting)
player summarising Barry’s DVD — A player’s outline of the workshop video’s ‘ABCs’, with pivoting as the step after the arpeggios.