In plain words
Barry called this his personal scale, the sixth diminished scale. He built it from a C6 chord. C6 (C, E, G, A) takes its notes from two of the three diminished chords: C and A belong to one, E and G to another. The third diminished chord (D, F, A♭, B) has none of its notes in C6, so you take it, and C6 with that diminished chord is the scale.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:081:43First class in The Hague, part 30:00Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale7:03
In order it runs C D E F G A♭ A B: a major scale with one more note, between the fifth and the sixth. The rule his students kept forgetting was ‘after G comes A♭, every time; after A♭ comes A’. Barry argued that the major scale we were handed has eight degrees when it should have nine, and that the classical masters missed it.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:433:32Believe: a talk to musicians54:5355:30
Why was the extra note left out? Barry offered his own guess: theorists could not find one name for it that would work in every key, so they threw it away and left players to find it for themselves. For him this is the real major scale.
Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale7:448:198:56First class in The Hague, part 30:34
What it gives you: the scale holds the dominant of the major key and also the dominant of the relative minor, and it gives you a scale of chords, a sixth chord and a diminished chord taking turns up the scale. You can build the same scale from other chords too: from B7 Barry found the third diminished, C♯ diminished, and put it with B6 to make the B major sixth diminished scale.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale2:16First class in The Hague, part 30:34Practising the sixth diminished scales0:03Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale5:035:387:03
Step by step
Take the major sixth chord of the key.
C6- C
- E
- G
- A
Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:08
Find the diminished chord with none of those notes. It is the one built a half step below the root of the sixth chord.
B diminished (= D diminished)- B
- D
- F
- A♭
Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:08Howard Rees, Chord Explorations ¶28Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Major & Minor 6th Dim. Scales: Becoming Familiar with the 6th Diminished Scales ¶4
Put the two chords together in one octave. Notes of the sixth chord and notes of the diminished chord alternate; after G comes A♭, after A♭ comes A.
C sixth diminished scale, diminished notes marked +- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- A♭
- A
- B
Find the two dominant sevenths inside it: the dominant of the key and the dominant of its relative minor.
G7, dominant of C- G
- B
- D
- F
E7, dominant of A minor (G♯ is the scale’s A♭)- E
- G♯
- B
- D
Introducing the sixth diminished scale2:16First class in The Hague, part 30:34Howard Rees, Evolutionary Voicings, Part I: Barry Harris Keeps Things Movin’ ¶23
Build it in every key. In The Hague Barry walked a student through D: D6, then E diminished, D6, G diminished, D6, B♭ diminished, D6, C♯ diminished, D6.
D sixth diminished scale, diminished notes marked +- D
- E
- F♯
- G
- A
- B♭
- B
- C♯
an added note, outside the scale
How he said to practise it
Learn it in all twelve keys. Barry told a Hague class that everybody should know all the sixth diminished scales by the next day, then called pianists up to play D♭, D and B.
Play it in contrary motion from middle C, both thumbs on C; guitarists can do the same.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale4:06Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale10:0710:40
Hold on to the rule as you play: after G comes A♭, after A♭ comes A. When a student skipped the A♭ or failed to move a voice, Barry made them go back to the first chord.
In Barry’s words
Each one plays from the moment he says it. Every other moment he teaches it is listed below.
It’s a major scale, with a note in between the fifth and sixth
This scale not only has the dominant of the major, it also has the dominant of the relative minor
After G comes A flat every time, after A flat comes A every time
We know that’s the real major scale, but we can’t... use it, so just throw it away
Where this comes from
Everything above is drawn from these. Open any one to check it.
Every moment he teaches it12 moments in 6 recordings
Each time opens the transcript there; the video plays when you are online.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale
- 1:08
Builds the scale: C6 uses two diminished chords, so take the missing third diminished.
- 1:43
A major scale with a note between the fifth and the sixth.
- 2:16
The scale holds the dominants of the major and the relative minor, and gives a scale of chords.
- 3:32
Drills the rule ‘after G comes A♭’ with students who keep leaving it out.
- 25:27
Walks a student through the D sixth diminished scale chord by chord.
First class in The Hague, part 3
- 0:00
First Hague class: C6 is two diminished chords, add the third; everybody should know this scale.
Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale
Believe: a talk to musicians
- 55:30
The major scale we were given has eight degrees; it should have nine.
Practising the sixth diminished scales
- 0:03
Names the chords as he plays the scale: sixth, diminished, sixth, diminished.
The 23 May Zoom class, part 1
- 21:31
Says he started out with two scales, major and minor sixth diminished, before New York.
From the lessons2 lessons, 6 points
Notes taken from Barry’s classes, each tied to the moment it comes from.
A major scale with one more note
- Idea
Barry suggested that Chopin, Bach and the other classical masters missed something: we were handed a major scale of eight degrees when it should have nine. He then demonstrated the scale he means as being composed of two parts played together, and said that from it you suddenly get a scale of chords.
- Idea
Why was the extra note never taught? Barry offered what he called his own logical guess: theorists did not know what to call it. Any letter name would change from key to key, and they could not find one name that worked in every key, so they threw the note away and left musicians to find it for themselves, even though, in his view, this is the real major scale.
Building the scale: a sixth chord plus the missing diminished
- Idea
Start from C6 (C, E, G, A). Barry points out that its notes come from two of the three diminished seventh chords: E and G belong to one, C and A to another. The third diminished chord (D, F, A-flat, B) has no notes in C6, so you add it, and C6 plus that diminished chord is the scale: C D E F G A-flat A B. In other words, a major scale with an extra note between the fifth and the sixth.
- Idea
The same method works from other chords. Barry notes that the dominant seventh, minor sixth, major sixth and seventh-flat-five chords all come from two of the diminished chords, then asks his secret question: what do you do with the third diminished, none of whose notes are in those chords? Combine it with them. With B7 the third diminished is C-sharp diminished; take the next inversion and you have B major sixth with that diminished, which together make the B major sixth diminished scale.
Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale4:265:035:387:03
- Idea
Every major sixth chord is also a minor seventh chord: C major 6 has the same notes as A minor 7. Barry remembered reading this in his first theory book without seeing why it mattered; later he understood its importance. When you see a minor seventh chord you should know its major sixth, because the major sixth is what makes the sixth diminished scale.
Jazz theory, part 6: every major sixth is a minor seventh0:32Jazz theory, part 4: borrowing diminished notes6:186:53
- Idea
What the scale gives you, according to Barry: it contains not only the dominant of the major key but also the dominant of the relative minor. It also gives you a scale of chords, which you should know. As he builds it he names the chords in turn: six, diminished, six, diminished.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale2:16Practising the sixth diminished scales0:03
In writing6 notes
What his interviews, his students’ class notes and other teachers’ articles add.
Rees describes the scale as the major sixth chord put together with a diminished seventh chord, and points out that it contains two dominant sevenths: the V7 of the tonic and the V7 of the relative minor.
Howard Rees, Evolutionary Voicings, Part I: Barry Harris Keeps Things Movin’ ¶19Howard Rees, Evolutionary Voicings, Part I: Barry Harris Keeps Things Movin’ ¶23
Rees’s worksheet pairs C6 with D diminished (D, F, G♯, B) and spells the extra note G♯ both up and down the scale, where Barry in class said A♭.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale3:32Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Major & Minor 6th Dim. Scales: Becoming Familiar with the 6th Diminished Scales ¶4Howard Rees’ Jazz Workshops, Major & Minor 6th Dim. Scales: Becoming Familiar with the 6th Diminished Scales ¶5
Masayasu Tsuboguchi, who attended Barry’s workshops, reports that Barry called it the ‘True Major Scale’, and the same scale with a flat third the ‘True Minor Scale’. His own explanation of the extra note: it lets C, E, G and A, the notes of the sixth chord, fall on the downbeats.
坪口昌恭 Masayasu Tsuboguchi, バリー・ハリス・ビバップ・メソッドの実践と応用 ¶69坪口昌恭 Masayasu Tsuboguchi, バリー・ハリス・ビバップ・メソッドの実践と応用 ¶70坪口昌恭 Masayasu Tsuboguchi, バリー・ハリス・ビバップ・メソッドの実践と応用 ¶97
García-Valdecasas notes that the added note works two ways: as the leading note of A, the relative minor, and as the flat nine of G7. De Lima describes the diminished chord as a rootless dominant seventh with a flat nine, built on the seventh degree.
Guillermo García-Valdecasas Vaticón (Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid), The Barry Harris harmonic theory in Chopin’s work ¶61Guillermo García-Valdecasas Vaticón (Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid), The Barry Harris harmonic theory in Chopin’s work ¶62Brian Jude de Lima, Reanimating Dissonance: Cultivating the Antecedents of Barry Harris’ Concept of Movement as a Multidimensional Pedagogical Tool for Ontario Post-Secondary Jazz Curricula ¶102
Asked in 2010 how the sixth diminished concept began, Barry said he did not know. His rules for practising improvisation went back to weekly rehearsals with Yusef and Bernard McKennie; the piano side, he thought, might have started before the Jazz Cultural Theater.
In the workbook to Barry’s second workshop video the major sixth diminished scale comes first under ‘Barry’s Four Key Scales’, followed by a section on the two dominant sevenths it contains, then the minor sixth, seventh and seventh flat five diminished scales.
How other teachers explain it7 videos, 89 series episodes
Barry’s students, and their students, teaching it their way. A second opinion, not Barry.
- Getting Started with Sixth Diminished Scales
The scale as two alternating chords: the sixth is home, the diminished is movement; how C6 comes from two diminished chords.
6 min, transcript On YouTube
- Jazz Harmony According to Barry Harris. Part 1 [SUBTITLES]
From about 16 minutes: the sixth diminished as the correct major scale, with B diminished as rootless G7♭9.
46 min, transcript On YouTube
- Jazz Theory: The Sixth Diminished, Part One
Barry’s sixth diminished theory, part one.
5 min On YouTube
- Barry Harris Method: 6th Diminished Scale ()
Lesson 22 of his series: the sixth diminished scale.
10 min On YouTube
- Jazz Mandolin Instruction Barry Harris Major Sixth Diminished Chord Scale Pete Martin
Jazz mandolin lesson 28: the major sixth diminished chord scale.
6 min On YouTube
- Why the Barry Harris Maj6-dim IS NOT the Major Bebop Scale
Why the major sixth diminished scale is not the major bebop scale.
12 min On YouTube
- TILF Barry Harris EP54 There is no such thing as a Bebop Scale
Episode 54: there is no such thing as a bebop scale.
8 min, transcript On YouTube
In the teaching series
Episodes on this idea in the long series by other teachers. Each name opens that whole series in order.
Bebop-JazzGuitarTV at NYC
- Bebop licks 20: a Charlie Parker ii-V-I as a 6th diminished line YouTube
- Basic practice 2: 6th diminished scale and arpeggio fingerings YouTube
- 6th diminished 11: reharmonisation YouTube
- Improvising on Autumn Leaves with the 6th diminished scale YouTube
- Improvising on Autumn Leaves with the 6th diminished: final part YouTube
- Autumn Leaves with the 6th diminished scale: short clip YouTube
- Rhythm changes with the 6th diminished: basic approach and scales YouTube
- Rhythm changes with the 6th diminished: basic approach, part 2 YouTube
- Rhythm changes 4 with the 6th diminished: beyond the basics, part 1 YouTube
- Improvising on I-VI-II-V: chord tones, scales and bebop lines YouTube
- Jazz arrangement of ‘Oshogatsu’: triads, substitutes, 6th diminished YouTube
- 6th diminished 16: improvising on the blues, part 1 YouTube
- 6th diminished 16: improvising on the blues, part 3 YouTube
- 6th diminished 1: how it differs from the major scale YouTube
- 6th diminished 2: reharmonised chords versus diatonic chords YouTube
- 6th diminished 3: inversions of the reharmonised chords YouTube
- Short: 6th diminished 3, inversions of the reharmonised chords YouTube
- 6th diminished 13: the secret of the 6th chord YouTube
- 6th diminished 14: mirror technique YouTube
- 6th diminished 19: improvising on the blues, applied YouTube
Isaac Raz
- My 10-chord routine for the sixth-diminished rules YouTube
- Borrowing on the sixth-diminished scale YouTube
- Diminished genealogy: where every chord comes from YouTube
- Q&A: sixth-diminished moves on ‘Body and Soul’ YouTube
- Staying busy: the half-step embellishment YouTube
- My 10-chord routine: three-note version YouTube
- Q&A: applying my 10-chord routine to songs YouTube
- My 10-chord routine: drop 3 version with borrowing YouTube
- Relative minor to minor with the sixth in the bass YouTube
JazzSkills
- Building-up-notes movement on The Girl from Ipanema YouTube
- Main concepts overview YouTube
- Movements demystified on Polka Dots and Moonbeams YouTube
- Major 6th diminished scale: simple steps to learn it YouTube
- Borrowing notes in the major and major 6th diminished scales YouTube
- Blue Moon chord movements YouTube
- Chord movements on Smile YouTube
- Single-step chord movements on Polka Dots and Moonbeams YouTube
- The borrowing notes move on the major 6th diminished scale YouTube
- Chord movements on It’s Only a Paper Moon YouTube
Mike Hayes Guitar
- Dominant seventh chord movement into major and minor YouTube
- Diminished scales, harmonic links and modulation YouTube
- The C6 scale and the borrowed note principle YouTube
- The sixth diminished scale on a jazz standard YouTube
- Chord concepts on every chord of C major YouTube
- Chord concepts on Body and Soul YouTube
- A 2-5-1 practice routine with sixth-diminished harmony YouTube
- On Green Dolphin Street: borrowed notes and backdoor dominants YouTube
- The chord universe: the dominant family and sixth diminished scales YouTube
- The sixth diminished system explained YouTube
- Five pillars of chordal movement beyond the shapes YouTube
The Labyrinth of Limitations
- The triads floor of the Elevator with the G major 6 diminished scale YouTube
- The thirds floor of the Elevator with scales of chords YouTube
- The C major 6 diminished scale YouTube
- Borrowing from the neighbours on the major 6 diminished scale YouTube
- Borrowing from the neighbors for chord melodies YouTube
- Episode 1: relative motion in the Eb major 6 diminished scale YouTube
- Episode 2, part 2: substitutions with the 6th diminished scales YouTube
- Episode 3: borrowing from the neighbors YouTube
- Garden of Forking Paths 2: practising movement YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 14: major key transformations YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 20: middle-voice movement YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 46: moving through major 7th chords YouTube
- Little Labyrinth 54: practising polyphony on Ab major 6th diminished YouTube
Things I’ve Learned From Barry Harris
- Episode 6: Barry’s four scales of chords YouTube
- Episode 15: G6 and C6 diminished scales of chords YouTube
- Episode 17: borrowing notes YouTube
- Episode 51: what is the name of this chord? YouTube
- Episode 70: triads YouTube
- Episode 72: the half step below YouTube
- Episode 106: there’s more to it than 6th diminished YouTube
- Episode 114: what can I do from the 3rd? YouTube
- Episode 119: the minor 6th diminished scale in drop 2 voicings YouTube
- Episode 138: chord melodies with the Eb6 diminished scale YouTube
Where the accounts differ3 points
Writers often file it as the major bebop scale; Barry called it his personal scale, the sixth diminished scale, and the real major scale.
Introducing the sixth diminished scale1:08Jazz theory, part 5: the sixth diminished scale8:56Brian Jude de Lima, Reanimating Dissonance: Cultivating the Antecedents of Barry Harris’ Concept of Movement as a Multidimensional Pedagogical Tool for Ontario Post-Secondary Jazz Curricula ¶102jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Barry Harris method (jazzguitar.be forum thread) ¶52
When did the scale begin? Howard Rees wrote in 1998 that Barry developed the two sixth diminished scales some forty-plus years earlier, and in one class Barry said he had the major and minor ones before he moved to New York, finding the other two later. Yet asked in the 2010 oral history, he said he did not know how the sixth diminished concept began, guessing only that the piano side might date from before the Jazz Cultural Theater.
The 23 May Zoom class, part 121:3122:07Howard Rees, Evolutionary Voicings, Part I: Barry Harris Keeps Things Movin’ ¶6Barry Harris, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program ¶292
Why the extra note? Tsuboguchi explains it as putting the four notes of the sixth chord on the downbeats; Christian Miller, who studied with Barry, says he never heard Barry himself talk about chord tones on the beat.
坪口昌恭 Masayasu Tsuboguchi, バリー・ハリス・ビバップ・メソッドの実践と応用 ¶69jazzguitar.be members (usernames kept per post), Barry Harris’s opinion of harmonic minor scale? ¶31
Read further6 links
These open on the web.
Free to read
- Wikipedia, ‘Bebop scale’ (Barry’s names: major/minor sixth diminished scale; cites Kingstone and Ben-Hur)
encyclopedia — Free: where the scale is usually filed, with Barry’s names for it.
Books and paid courses
- Howard Rees, ‘Evolutionary Voicings Part 1: Barry Harris keeps things movin’’, Keyboard Magazine Oct 1998 (chromatic scale -> whole tone -> 3 diminished -> 12 dominants; 6th dim scales)
student (Howard Rees) — Free: Howard Rees builds the major and minor sixth diminished scales step by step and shows the two dominants.
- Vera Marijt, ‘Barry Harris: Exploring the Diminished’ (Master research, KC The Hague, 2014; ~35 pp of transcriptions from 8+ hours of Rees DVDs and ~54 Frans Elsen videos)
researcher (pianist) — Free: Vera Marijt’s paper, with Barry’s own Hague explanation written out and the scale in notation.
- The Barry Harris Workshop Video (Part 1), Howard Rees / Jazz Workshop Productions: 4+ hours, 5 clinic segments + 102-112 page workbook (ABCs, scales on song forms, movable chords, rhythm section, vocalizing)
Barry himself (produced and transcribed by Howard Rees) — Paid: Barry’s first workshop video, whose chord chapter starts from the C6 diminished scale.
- The Barry Harris Workshop Video Part Two, Howard Rees: ~4h15, 156-page workbook; chapters Improvisation (49 sections), Rhythm Section (17), Harmony (41)
Barry himself (produced and transcribed by Howard Rees) — Paid: Barry’s four key scales, with the major sixth diminished first.
- Alan Kingstone, The Barry Harris Harmonic Method for Guitar (2006), 121 pp + CD
student (Alan Kingstone) — Paid: Alan Kingstone’s guitar book built on the four sixth diminished scales.